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  • ​Welcome
    • About Us
    • Parents and Administrators
    • Search Page
    • Sitemap
  • Service
    • Paradise U Community Project​
    • Coalition for Quality Physical Education >
      • Coalition for Quality Physical Education
      • Most Important Job in America
      • SPARTAN Races
    • Other Projects
  • Advocacy
    • Importance of Physical Education
    • Quality Physical Education
    • Advocacy Resources for Physical Education
    • "No Excuses!" Documentary
    • Importance of Recess, Play, and Active Classrooms
  • Pedagogy
    • Physical Education Pedagogy >
      • General Strategies
      • Adapted Physical Education
      • English Language Learners
      • Cross Disciplinary Examples
      • Facilitating Discussions and Debriefs
      • Miscellaneous Articles and Videos
    • Physical Education Pedagogy Continued >
      • Social and Emotional Learning
      • Social Justice and Diversity
      • Growth Mindset and Multiple Intelligences
      • Engaging Families
      • Advice for New Teachers
    • Assessment >
      • Assessment in Physical Education
      • Rubrics for Assessment
      • Grading in Physical Education
      • Fitnessgram Guidelines and Resources
    • Class Management >
      • Class Management Overview
      • Tools for Assessing Behavior
      • Techniques for Forming Groups
    • Planning >
      • Planning Physical Education Units
      • Domains of Learning
      • Teaching Styles in Physical Education
      • Instructional Models in Physical Education
  • Resources
    • Physical Education >
      • Activities and Lessons
      • Physical Education Related Organizations
      • Physical Education DIY and Hacks
      • National Observances Related to Physical Education
      • Safety Related Resources
    • Fitness >
      • Activity Promotion and Adherence
      • Creative Fitness Activities
      • Stress Management Techniques
      • Health, Fitness, and Nutrition Resources
    • Instructional Videos >
      • Icebreakers, Teambuilding, and Conflict Resolution Videos
      • Instructional Dance Videos
      • Dance Resources
    • Professional Development >
      • Information and Resources for Professional Development
      • Social Media Resources
      • Teaching Evaluation Forms
      • Podcast
    • Technology >
      • Technology in Physical Education
      • Online Resources
      • Mobile Apps
      • Projector Uses in Physical Education
      • 360 Degree Photos/Videos in Physical Education
      • Augmented Reality in Physical Education
      • Virtual Reality in Physical Education
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YOUR CART

Importance of Recess, Play, and Active Classrooms


Research has shown that physical activity opportunities throughout the school day can improve: attendance, student motivation, classroom behaviors, social and emotional learning, and cognitive performance. Not only does time spent being active not hinder student learning, it enhances it. You can even incorporate physical activity into various content areas!​
Current inactivity pandemic
Websites
  • ​​Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity: Data, Trends, and Maps (CDC)
  • Obesity Rates & Trends (TheStateOfObesity)​

Reports on School Policies
  • ​2019 - Status of State-Level PE Accountability Policy and Systems (ActiveSchools)
  • 2016 - School Health Policies and Practices Study 2016 (CDC)
  • ​2016 - Shape of the Nation Report (SHAPE America)​
  • ​2012 - Physical Education Profiles (CDC)

Reports on Obesity and Physical Activity
  • 2022 - Global Status Report on Physical Activity (WHO)
  • ​​2021 - QPE Policy Project Analysis (UNESCO)
  • 2021 - State of Play 2021 (Aspen Institute)
  • 2020 - Longitudinal Trends in BMI Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons Aged 2–19 Years (CDC)
  • ​2020 - Overview Report on US Participation (Physical Activity Council)
  • 2019 - Global Trends in Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents (WHO)
  • 2019 - The Movement Disparity: Parent and Principal Perspectives on Physical Activity in Schools (ActiveSchools)
  • 2019 - Unfit to Serve (CDC)
  • 2018 - Unhealthy and Unprepared: National Security 2018 (StrongNation)
  • 2018 - United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth (National Physical Activity Plan)​
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Guidelines for Students
  • Adult caregivers of preschool-aged children should encourage active play that includes a variety of activity types.​

  • Preschool-aged children (ages 3 through 5 years) should be physically active throughout the day to enhance growth and development

  • Children and adolescents ages 6 through 17 years should do 60 minutes (1 hour) or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily (Aerobic, Bone Strengthening, and Muscle Strengthening).​

  • It is important to provide young people opportunities and encouragement to participate in physical activities that are appropriate for their age, that are enjoyable, and that offer variety.​

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (CDC)​
COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM
Picture
​Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP): "Schools play a vital role in ensuring children and adolescents get the nationally recommended 60 minutes of physical activity each day...A CSPAP is a multi-component approach by which school districts and schools use all opportunities for students to be physically active, meet the nationally-recommended 60 minutes of physical activity each day, and develop the knowledge, skills, and confidence to be physically active for a lifetime. A CSPAP reflects strong coordination and synergy across all of the components: physical education as the foundation; physical activity before, during, and after school; staff involvement; and family and community engagement."

  • Active Schools Guiding Framework (Active Schools)
  • Evaluation Handbook (Active Schools)
  • Physical Education and Physical Activity (CDC)
  • Promoting Physical Activity Through Schools - Toolkit (WHO)
  • Promoting Physical Activity Through Schools - Policy Brief (WHO)
CAMPAIGNS TO INCREASE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • Active Schools
  • ​Every Kid Sports Pass​​​
  • supportREALteachers
  • Voice for Healthy Kids
IMPORTANCE OF RECESS
Is Recess Important For Kids Or A Waste Of Time?

"No Recess" The Movie

  • ​​​A Research-Based Case for Recess​
  • ​Effect of Recess on Fifth Grade Students’ Time On-task in an Elementary Classroom
  • Playing Fair: The Contribution of High-Functioning Recess to Overall School Climate in Low-Income Elementary Schools
  • Recess (during COVID) Advocacy Toolkit
  • Recess is Good for Kids. So Why Are Some Schools Still Taking It Away as a Punishment?
  • Recess for High School Students
  • Returning to School: Make Sure Children Have Daily Time for Recess
  • ​​School Recess and Group Classroom Behavior​​
  • ​​Shrinking Recess May Be Damaging Your Kid
  • ​​The Crucial Role of Recess in School
  • The Importance of Recess Research and Advocacy
  • ​The Role of Recess in Children's Cognitive Performance and School Adjustment​​
GUIDELINES FOR RECESS
Strategies for ​​Recess in Schools
Picture

  • Do not use physical activity as punishment.

  • Recess should not be taken away for punitive reasons.

  • Scheduling recess before lunch helps ensure student's do not rush eating (more info).

  • Scheduling recess breaks directly before or after academic lessons positively affect student on-task behaviors.

  • Schools should provide all students in grades K-12 with at least one daily period of recess of at least 20 minutes in length.​

Additional Resources
  • ​CDC
  • PHE Canada​
  • Playworks​
  • ​RecessLab.org
  • ​​​The Buddy Bunch Project
  • The Physical Educator
RESOURCES FOR RECESS
Activities
  • OPEN​
  • Playworks
  • ​Your School Games

Articles
  • #ReimagineRecess: Fostering Healthy Relationships
  • #ReimagineRecess: Managing Conflict at Recess
  • #ReimagineRecess: 3 Tips for Building Empathy Skills
  • ​10 Ways to Discipline Students Without Taking Away Recess
  • ​How to Organize Recess Equipment – Recess Bags​
  • ​Recess Duty: Are you Qualified?​
  • Recess Is a Time of Conflict for Children: Six School Design Tips to Keep the Peace​
  • Recess: Lessons From the Playground
  • ​Rethinking Recess: 7 Steps to Foster Engagement and Inclusion
  • School Playgrounds Are Getting Squeezed: Here Are 8 Ways to Keep Students Active in Small Spaces
  • ​Stop! Pay Attention! You’re on Recess Duty!
  • ​​The Recess Equipment Dilemma: Part 1
  • ​The Recess Equipment Dilemma: Part 2​​
  • Trading Your Yard (Recess) Duty for a Club
IMPORTANCE OF PLAY
Brains at Play


The Importance of Play w/Dr. Peter Gray


  • 6 Benefits of Play
  • 9 Types of Play and Why They Matter
  • ​​Benefits of Play
  • Children’s Right to Play and the Environment
  • Improving Children’s Health through Play: Exploring Issues and Recommendations
  • Play is Crucial for Middle Schoolers, Too
  • ​​The Critical Place of Play in Education
  • The Decline of Play and Rise in Children's Mental Disorders
  • ​The Important Role of Unstructured Play for Adolescent Athletes
  • ​The Power of Play: A Pediatric Role in Enhancing Development in Young Children
  • What Does Play Look Like? - 16 Play Types
  • ​​​When Children Play, They Feel Better​​​​​
RESOURCES FOR PLAYGROUNDS
  • Cheap (Yet Valuable) Learning Space Redesign​
  • Kaboom! - Build a Playground Toolkit
  • Kaboom! - Enhancement Projects​​ (DIY)
  • ​​Kaboom! - Play Everywhere Playbook
  • ​​Safe Kids - Playground Safety Tips
RESOURCES FOR RUNNING AND WALKING CLUBS
Websites
  • 100 Mile Club
  • ​​Girls on the Run
  • Marathon Kids​​
  • Mileage Club
  • PHIT America AMPED
  • The Daily Mile​

​Articles
  • ​Adding Morning Fitness Clubs in Your School
  • How to Create a Before-School Fitness and Running Club
  • How to Lead an Accessible Sensory Walk
  • How to Start an After-School Running Club for Kids
  • Implementing Successful School Run Clubs: Lessons Learned from a District-level Initiative in Boston Public Schools
Importance of active classrooms
Active Classroom Initiative

Why Sitting is Bad for You

Websites
  • Classroom Physical Activity (CDC)
  • Moving Minds​
  • ​​School Health Guidelines​ (CDC)​
  • The Walking Classroom

​Articles
  • 4 Easy Ways for Health and PE Professionals to Support Classroom Physical Activity
  • 5 Ways to Make the Most of Your Class Activity Breaks
  • Boost Your Physical Education Program with Classroom Movement
  • ​​​Integrate Classroom Physical Activity in Schools
  • ​​My Classroom is the Loud One – and the Students are Thriving
  • ​​Strategies for Classroom Physical Activity in Schools
  • ​​​The Kinesthetic Movement
  • ​​Using Brain Breaks to Restore Students’ Focus
  • Why Crossing the Midline Helped this Child Listen to his Teacher​​​
RESEARCH ON ACTIVE CLASSROOMS
  • ​​​A Citizen Science Study of Short Physical Activity Breaks at School: Improvements in Cognition and Wellbeing with Self-Paced Activity
  • ​Acute Effects of Classroom Exercise Breaks on Executive Function and Math Performance
  • Breaking Up Classroom Sitting Time With Cognitively Engaging Physical Activity: Behavioural and Brain Responses
  • Classroom Activity Breaks Improve On-Task Behavior and Physical Activity Levels Regardless of Time of Day
  • Classroom Based Physical Activity and On-Task Behavior​
  • ​Classroom Seating for Children with ADHD: Therapy Balls Vs Chairs​​
  • Evaluation of Feasibility, Effectiveness, and Sustainability of School-based Physical Activity “Active Break” Interventions in Pre-adolescent and Adolescent Students
  • Physically Active Lessons in Schools and their Impact on Physical Activity, Educational, Health and Cognition Outcomes
  • Sweat So You Don’t Forget: Exercise Breaks During a University Lecture Increase On-Task Attention and Learning​
  • Additional Research List: Classrooms in Motion
BRAIN BREAKS (BOOSTS) RESOURCES

​Videos
  • Active2Learning
  • Brain Breaks w/Mallory
  • ​BSD BrainBoost
  • GoNoodle
  • ​Kids in Motion (PBS)
  • Kid Power Ups (UNICEF)
  • PE with Mr. G
  • Pure Edge
  • Sanford Fit - FitBoost Activity​​​

​Print
  • ​​​Apple Schools Energizers
  • In School Activity Breaks​​
  • ​​Mind & Body Activities for Elementary​
  • ​Moving Minutes
  • ​​​N.C. Healthy Schools Energizers
  • ​Online Physical Education Network (OPEN)
  • Pure Edge
  • ​Springboard to Active Schools​​​

Brain Breaks (Playlist)
 

​Physical Snacks (Playlist)
 
ADDING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO OTHER CONTENT AREAS
​Below is a collection of active Reading and Writing tasks from Twitter. Check our Cross Disciplinary Activities page for more examples from other content areas.

Reading and Writing - Curated tweets by supportREALtchr
RESOURCES FOR ACTIVE COMMUNITIES
Organizations
  • ​​Afterschool Alliance​​
  • ​​​Change Lab Solutions Healthy Neighborhoods​
  • ​Kaboom!
  • National AfterSchool Association

Resources in the Community
  • All Trails​
  • Building a Little Free Sports Library
  • ​​Every Kid in a Park (4th Graders)
  • ​Find your Park​
  • ​Kaboom! Map of Play​
  • ​​Park Rx America
  • ​​Recreation.gov

Traveling to and from School
  • ​Auditing the Pedestrian Environment: A Brief Tool for Practitioners...
  • ​Safe Routes to School​​
  • Walk.Bike.Schools!
  • Walk and Bike to School
  • Walking School Bus
using LIBRARIES to lend Active equipment
Libraries can be a great resource for physical activity in the community. Check out the resources below and ​​​Let's Move in Libraries​ to help start a program in your area!​ Thank you Barbara Longair and Lisa Weekes for helping us create this section.

Let's Get Moving at the Library

Let's Move in Libraries Webinar

​Examples Programs
  • Avondale Public Library
  • ​​Oakville Public Library​
  • Smyrna Strong Collection
  • Taber Public Library

​​Lethbridge Public Library Resources
  • ​Example Feedback Form 
  • International Information & Library Review​
  • Physical Literacy in the Library Presentation
  • Physical Literacy Pamphlet
  • StoryWalk Resources
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, fitness, & ACADEMICS - ​RESEARCH
  1. A Better Cardiopulmonary Fitness Is Associated with Improved Concentration Level and Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary School Children
  2. A Longitudinal Examination of the Link Between Youth Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement
  3. A Review of Acute Physical Activity Effects on Brain and Cognition in Children
  4. ​​A Whole Brain Volumetric Approach in Overweight/Obese Children: Examining the Association with Different Physical Fitness Components and Academic Performance
  5. Active Education: Growing Evidence on Physical Activity and Academic Performance
  6. Aerobic Fitness and Academic Achievement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis​
  7. An Investigation of the Effects of Daily Physical Activity on the Health of Primary School Students in South Australia
  8. Associations of Physical Fitness and Academic Performance Among Schoolchildren
  9. ​Be Smart, Exercise Your Heart: Exercise Effects on Brain and Cognition
  10. Beneficial Effects of Acute Exercise on Executive Function in Adolescents
  11. Boost your Brain, While Having a Break! The Effects of Long-Term Cognitively Engaging Physical Activity Breaks on Children’s Executive Functions and Academic Achievement
  12. Brief Aerobic Exercise Immediately Enhances Visual Attentional Control and Perceptual Speed
  13. Cardiovascular Risk Factor Trajectories Since Childhood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife​
  14. ​​Effect of Classroom-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Academic and Physical Activity Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  15. Effect of High- Intensity Interval Training on Hippocampal Metabolism in Older Adolescents
  16. Effects of an Exercise Program on Brain Health Outcomes for Children With Overweight or Obesity
  17. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercises on Executive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
  18. Effects of Acute Physical Activity on NIH Toolbox-measured Cognitive Functions Among Children in Authentic Education Settings
  19. ​Exercise Intervention for Academic Achievement Among Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  20. Give Your Ideas Some Legs - The Positive Effect of Walking
  21. Health and Academic Achievement (CDC)
  22. ​​Health-Related Behaviors and Academic Achievement Among High School Students — United States, 2015 (CDC)
  23. ​High-Intensity Training Enhances Executive Function in Children in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
  24. Independent and Combined Influence of the Components of Physical Fitness on Academic Performance in Youth
  25. ​​Is There a Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement? Positive Results from Public School Children in the Northeastern United States
  26. Longitudinal Associations of Physical Fitness and Body Mass Index with Academic Performance
  27. Multimodal Imaging Brain Markers in Early Adolescence Are Linked with a Physically Active Lifestyle
  28. Muscular and Aerobic Fitness, Working Memory, and Academic Achievement in Children
  29. Physical Activity and Performance at School: A Systematic Review of the Literature Including a Methodological Quality Assessment
  30. ​Physical Activity Promotes Academic Achievement and a Healthy Lifestyle when Incorporated into Early Childhood Education
  31. ​​Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children: A Systematic Review
  32. Physical Activity, Health-Related Fitness, and Classroom Behavior in Children: A Discriminant Function Analysis
  33. ​Physical Education, School Physical Activity, School Sports and Academic Performance
  34. ​Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Third- and Fifth-Grade Students
  35. Physically Active Lessons in School and their Impact on Physical Activity, Educational, Health and Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  36. Relationship Between Academic Achievement And Healthy School Transformations In Urban Elementary Schools In The United States
  37. ​Relationships of Physical Activity to Brain Health and the Academic Performance of Schoolchildren
  38. ​The Association Between Aerobic Fitness and Language Processing in Children: Implications for Academic Achievement
  39. The Effect of Low-Intensity Exercise on Emotional and Cognitive Engagement in the Classroom
  40. ​The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Children's Cognition and Metacognition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  41. ​​The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality, Well-Being, and Affect in Academic Stress Periods
  42. The Indirect Role of Executive Functions on the Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and School Grades
  43. The Influence of Daily Structured Physical Activity on Academic Progress of Elementary Students with Intellectual Disabilities
  44. The Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Abilities
  45. White Matter Microstructure Mediates the Association Between Physical Fitness and Cognition in Healthy, Young Adults
  46. Widespread Positive Direct and Indirect Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Developing Functional Connectome in Early Adolescence
  47. Additional Research Lists: Action Based Learning, Advancing Ideas for Health, CDC, and ​​SPARK.
Physical Activity, fitness, & Academics - Multimedia
The Brain-Changing Benefits of Exercise

How Exercise Can Transform Our Schools

PE + Health = Student Success
​PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, fitness, & ACADEMICS - SPARK
​SPARK: "A groundbreaking exploration of the connection between exercise and the brain’s performance that shows how even moderate exercise will supercharge mental circuits to beat stress, sharpen thinking, enhance memory, and much more."

Spark Learning and Creativity


The Neuroscience of Movement with Dr. John Ratey

FITNESS AND ABSENTEEISM - RESEARCH
  1. ​Association between Increased BMI and Severe School Absenteeism Among US Children and Adolescents
  2. ​​Individual-Level Fitness and Absenteeism in New York City Middle School Youths, 2006–2013
  3. Physical Activity and Risk of Infection, Severity and Mortality of Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Non-linear Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
  4. ​The Association of Obesity and School Absenteeism Attributed to Illness or Injury Among Adolescents in the United States
FITNESS AND MENTAL HEALTH - RESEARCH
  1. ​A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Children's Physical Activity and Mental Health
  2. Associations Between Physical Activity and Mental Health and Behaviour in Early Adolescence
  3. Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression
  4. Association Between Physical Exercise and Mental Health in 1.2 Million Individuals in the USA Between 2011 and 2015: A Cross-Sectional Study
  5. Depressive Symptoms and Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour throughout Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort Study
  6. Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Improving Depression, Anxiety and Distress: an Overview of Systematic Reviews
  7. Exercise as a Potential Treatment for Drug Abuse: Evidence from Preclinical Studies
  8. Exercise Therapy Improves Both Mental and Physical Health in Patients with Major Depression
  9. ​Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
  10. Physical Activity and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: An Updated Review of Reviews and an Analysis of Causality
  11. ​Physical Activity Improves Mental Health Through Resilience in Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents
  12. Physical Activity in European Adolescents and Associations with Anxiety, Depression and Well-Being
  13. Physical Activity Interventions and Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  14. Physical Activity Interventions to Alleviate Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents
  15. Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life in School-Aged Children
  16. ​The Effect of Acute Exercise for Reducing Cognitive Alterations Associated With Individuals High in Anxiety
  17. The Role of Exercise in Preventing and Treating Depression
  18. Volume and Social Context of Physical Activity in Association with Mental Health, Anxiety and Depression Among Youth
FITNESS AND MISCELLANEOUS BENEFITS - RESEARCH
  1. ​Associations Between Health-Related Physical Fitness, Academic Achievement and Selected Academic Behaviors of Elementary and Middle School Students in the State of Mississippi
  2. Association Between Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sleep
  3. Fit to Be Good: Physical Fitness Is Negatively Associated With Deviance
  4. Moving in a Hotter World: Maintaining Adequate Childhood Fitness as a Climate Change Countermeasure
  5. Physical Activity Lowers the Risk for Acute Respiratory Infections Time for Recognition
  6. ​Physical Fitness Level Is Related to Attention and Concentration in Adolescents
  7. Systematic Review of the Health Benefits of Physical Activity and Fitness in School-Aged Children and Youth